Введение. Одной из нерешенных глобальных проблем современности является массовое постарение всего населения планеты. Одним из важных видов знания, созданных для решения этой проблемы, была геронтология, которая начала конституирование как позитивистски ориентированная наука, постепенно включившая в свои границы области гуманитарного знания и искусства.
Содержание. Альтернативой традиционной геронтологии в последней четверти ХХ в. стали критическая и гуманистическая версии исследований позднего жизненного этапа, которые искали новые возможности осмысления старости для улучшения качества жизни в позднем возрасте. Одним из продуктивных направлений развития интенций гуманистической парадигмы в геронтологии явилась литературная геронтология – область исследований, в рамках которой анализируется отношение к старению, отраженное в литературе. Рассматривается влияние старения на творчество авторов (изучается явление «позднего стиля» в творчестве), исследуются трансформационные возможности старения с опорой на биографические литературные формы. Темой данной статьи является рассмотрение условий формирования литературной геронтологии: причины появления интереса к изучению старения, отраженного в литературе; направления ее развития; методологическая база этой области; ведущие авторы, сформировавшие ее границы и содержание.
Выводы. В первом приближении литературная геронтология может быть описана как множество традиций интерпретации связи старения и творчества путем внимательного прочтения художественных текстов. Литературная геронтология является важной частью области возрастных исследований и играет особую роль в изучении субъективной, феноменологической стороны процесса старения. Она обогащает геронтологическое знание, привнося новые методологии в понимание многих сторон поздней жизни.
Introduction. One of the unsolved global problems of our time is the mass aging of the entire population of the planet. One of the important types of knowledge created to solve this problem was gerontology, which began to be constituted as a positivist-oriented science, gradually incorporating the fields of humanities and art into its boundaries.
Content. An alternative to traditional gerontology in the last quarter of the twentieth century was the critical and humanistic versions of late-life research, which sought new ways of understanding old age to improve the quality of life in later life. One of the productive directions of the development of the intentions of the humanistic paradigm in gerontology was literary gerontology, a field of research within which the attitude to aging reflected in literature is analyzed; the influence of aging on the creativity of authors is considered (the phenomenon of "late style" in creativity is studied); The transformational possibilities of aging are investigated based on biographical literary forms. The topic of this article is to consider the conditions for the formation of literary gerontology: the reasons for the emergence of interest in the study of aging, reflected in the literature; the directions of its development; the methodological basis of this field; the leading authors who formed its boundaries and content.
Conclusions. To a first approximation, literary gerontology can be described as a set of traditions of interpreting the connection between aging and creativity through careful reading of literary texts. Literary gerontology is an important part of the field of age studies and plays an important role in the study of the subjective, phenomenological side of the aging process. She enriches gerontological knowledge by bringing new methodologies to the understanding of many aspects of later life.
Пашина Людмила Александровнакандидат философских наук, доцент
Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет; Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет
г. Новокузнецк, г. Томск, Российская Федерация
lapash@yandex.ru
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15. Spicker S., Woodward K., Van Tassel D. D. (eds.) Aging and the elderly: humanistic perspectives in gerontology. – New York: Academic press, 1978. – 406 p.
16. Van Tassel D. D. (ed.) Aging, death, and the completion of being. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979. – 314 p.
17. Waxman B. F. From the hearth to the open road: a feminist study of aging in contemporary literature. – Praeger, 1990. – 224 p.
18. Woodward K. Aging and its discontents: Freud and other fictions. – Indiana university press, 1991. – 244 p.
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21. Woodward K., Schwartz M. M. (eds.) Memory and desire: aging, literature, psychoanalysis. – Indiana University Press, 1986. – 220 p.
22. Wyatt-Brown A. M. The coming of age of literary gerontology // Journal of aging studies, 1990. – Vol. 4. – No 3. – Pp. 299–315.